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Article History

Accepted: 16 July 2024

First Online: 31 July 2024

Declarations

:

: This work is part of the DIGPHAT project, which was supported by a grant from the French government, managed by the National Research Agency (ANR), under the France 2030 program, with reference ANR-22-PESN-0017.

: The external validation of this study was conducted using a database previously published and duly declared to the appropriate committee for individual data protection under approval number 17-057. Furthermore, the study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial number NCT03134521.

: All patients included in the study provided their written informed consent to participate.

: All participants provided written informed consent for the publication of their data. No individual patient data that could identify a specific person is included in this article.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interest to disclose in relation to this work.

: FR, SG, JBW, CC, AD made substantial contributions to the conception, acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, drafted the work, and built the Shiny application. SG made a substantial contribution to the acquisition and interpretation of data. RG and TF made substantial contributions to the acquisition of data. PM, LP, and ML made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

: All simulated data generated or analysed during this study are available using the code in . The clinical data used for the external validation cannot be shared openly to protect patient privacy but are available from sylvain.goutelle@chu-lyon.fr on reasonable request.

: The code to simulate data and build the machine learning models is available at .