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Article History

Accepted: 2 March 2025

First Online: 24 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was supported by Grant Number R01 HD095547 to J.S.B. from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, or the National Institutes of Health.

: The authors have no competing interests relevant to this article to disclose.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available for reasons of sensitivity and risk of reidentification due to its clinical nature. Data, however, are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

: The protocol for this study was approved by the University of California San Diego Institutional Review Board for Rady Children’s Hospital (Project #181319, July 23, 2018).

: Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians.

: All participants provided informed consent for the publication of their data.

: Not applicable.

: John Bradley and Jennifer Le contributed to designing and performing the study. Data collection and analysis was performed by John Bradley, Jennifer Le, Julie Huynh, Brandon Vo, Annie Mai, Robert Mak, Jeremiah Momper, Edmund Caparelli, Helen Harvey, and Sean Avedissian. The draft of the manuscript was written by John Bradley, Jennifer Le, Julie Huynh, Brandon Vo, Annie Mai, Erin Bradley, Amy Sitapati, and Karandeep Singh and all authors reviewed and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.