Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by the Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City Vienna (project number: 15092).

: Markus Zeitlinger is an editorial board member of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. The other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Alexandra-Maria Stommel: conceptualization, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, and visualization. Peter Matzneller: conceptualization, investigation, and writing—review and editing. Valentin al Jalali: formal analysis, data curation, visualization, and writing—review and editing. Beatrix Wulkersdorfer: investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing, and project administration. Edith Lackner: investigation, writing—review and editing, and project administration. Matthias Mueller: investigation and writing—review and editing. Christoph Dorn: methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, and writing—review and editing. Michael Holzer: writing—review and editing and supervision. Markus Zeitlinger: conceptualization, methodology, validation, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition.

: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria (EC: 1348/2015) and the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety. It was registered in the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (EUDRACT 2015-001793-18) and conducted according to International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use good clinical practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Since the participants were unconscious, informed written consent was obtained from survivors once they were able to comprehend the study. The treating team informed patients’ relatives about their inclusion in the study, but the ethics committee did not mandate this as a requirement.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.