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Article History

Accepted: 18 May 2025

First Online: 30 June 2025

Declarations

:

: No external funding was obtained for this study.

: D.A. Hesselink has received grant support (paid to his institution) from Astellas Pharma, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, and Bristol Myers-Squibb, as well as lecture and consulting fees from Astellas Pharma, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Novartis Pharma, and Vifor Pharma. Laure Elens has received lecture fees (paid to his institution) from Astellas Pharma and Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA. All other authors declared no competing interests for this work. Dirk Jan A.R. Moes is an Editorial Board member of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Dirk Jan A.R. Moes was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: The Medical Ethical Review Board of the Erasmus MC provided a waiver for the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act for this study (Medical Ethical Review Board number MEC-2021-0621). The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (7th revision, October 2013, approved by the 64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil).

: In the Erasmus MC Center, the LUMC, the Bellvitge University Hospital, and St. Luc Hospital Brussels all patients included in this study previously gave written informed consent for the use of their clinical and demographic data for research purposes and the use of body material for genotyping [, , –]. Study practices were performed after approval from the local medical ethical committees. Patients who were not included in previous studies, were asked to participate in an ongoing biobanking program of the division of nephrology and transplantation (MEC-2010-022) during the work-up for transplantation in the Erasmus MC.

: All participating centers gave consent for publication of this study.

: Data is available on reasonable request.

: The NONMEM control stream is included in Supplementary Data S3.

: Francke wrote the manuscript, all authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Francke, Sassen, Hesselink, and de Winter designed the research. Francke, Sassen, Lloberas, Colom, Elens, Moudio, de Vries, Moes, van Schaik, Hesselink, and de Winter performed the research and collected data or analyzed patient samples. Francke, Sassen, and de Winter analyzed the data.