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Authors
Saleh, Ayatallah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-9854
Schulz, Josefine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-5873
Schlender, Jan-Frederik
Aulin, Linda B. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-5704
Konrad, Amrei-Pauline https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2692-7061
Kluwe, Franziska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-9683
Mikus, Gerd https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-133X
Huisinga, Wilhelm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-3914
Kloft, Charlotte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9344-8514
Michelet, Robin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-607X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Freie Universität Berlin
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Article History
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
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: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
: Charlotte Kloft and Wilhelm Huisinga report grants from an industry consortium (AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. K.G., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. K.G., Gruenenthal GmbH, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Merck KGaA, Novo Nordisk A/S and Sanofi) for the graduate research training program PharMetrX. In addition, Charlotte Kloft reports research grants from the Innovative Medicines Initiative-Joint Undertaking (‘DDMoRe’), from H2020-EU.3.1.3 (‘FAIR’), Diurnal Ltd. and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance Initiative (‘JPIAMR’), all outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests for this work.
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: Conceptualisation—Ayatallah Saleh, Robin Michelet and Charlotte Kloft; clinical data collection—Gerd Mikus and Charlotte Kloft; in vitro data generation—Josefine Schulz and Charlotte Kloft; planning of analysis—Ayatallah Saleh, Franziska Kluwe, Robin Michelet and Charlotte Kloft; formal analysis and investigation—Ayatallah Saleh, Robin Michelet, Jan-Frederik Schlender, Wilhelm Huisinga, Gerd Mikus and Charlotte Kloft; writing—original draft preparation—Ayatallah Saleh and Robin Michelet; writing—review and editing—all authors contributed to discussion of results as well as reviewing and editing the manuscript.
