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Challenging Traditional ADME Assumptions for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Intravenous Administration of Iron–Carbohydrate Nanomedicines: Potential Utility of Gold Nanoparticle Models as a Roadmap

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-025-01561-w

Published Online: 2025-08-15

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Alston, Amy Barton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-5267
Lin, Zhoumeng

Gustafson, Heather Herd

Flühmann, Beat

Digigow, Reinaldo

Ayala-Nunez, Vanesa

Schmidt, Stephan
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-15

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-15
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Article History

Accepted: 3 August 2025

First Online: 15 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This work summarizes workshop proceedings from “PBPK Workshop on Iron–carbohydrate Nanomedicines” held 23 and 24 April 2024 at the University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL. Z.L., S.S., and H.G. received honoraria for workshop participation from Vifor (international) AG.

: A.A., B.F., and R.D. are employees of CSL Vifor. V.A., H.G., Z.L., and S.S. report no conflicts of interest.

: Not applicable

: Not applicable

: Not applicable

: Not applicable

: Not applicable

: All authors made significant contributions to the concept and design of this manuscript, critical review of draft versions of the manuscript, and the provided final approval of the version to be published.

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