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Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 27 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no relevant financial or non-financial interests.

: This study conformed to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kobe University Hospital (No. B210177).

: Informed consent for participation was obtained using an opt-out approach.

: Informed consent for publication was obtained using an opt-out approach.

: All data generated in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: M.W.Y.B. and Y.K. designed and performed simulations of serum drug concentrations, drafted the initial manuscript, and reviewed the manuscript; J.R., H.M., N.R., and F.K. collected data from the neonates and revised the manuscript; I.K., K.Y., and O.T. coordinated and supervised data collection and reviewed and revised the manuscript. Y.I. supervised the conception of this report and interpretation of data and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read, edited, and approved the final version of this manuscript.