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Article History

Received: 1 April 2025

Accepted: 18 November 2025

First Online: 11 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Alwin D.R. Huitema is an Editorial Board member of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Alwin D.R. Huitema was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. All other authors declare no (non-)financial or competing interests directly or indirectly related to the content of this article.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki and approved by the medical ethical committee Utrecht (approval numbers: 20-280 and 21-560) for collection of clinical data and blood samples for PK-PD research purposes.

: All patients gave oral and written informed consent.

: The control stream of the final model was published in Online Resource 3 in the electronic supplementary material.

: JM conducted and coordinated the prospective studies, developed the population PK model and wrote the draft of the manuscript. SE contributed to conduction of one of the prospective studies. AP developed the prednisolone assay and measured all the patients’ samples. CL and MJ were the principal investigators of the studies and supervised on a weekly basis. AdVS supervised development of the PK model on a daily basis. MvL, SN and AH contributed to the manuscript with their expertise on (paediatric) pharmacology, clinical immunology and laboratory. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.