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Authors
Yang, Ruwei
Wen, Yujie
Zhang, Shengnan
Yang, Guoping
Zhu, Liyong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373966)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests relevant to this article to disclose.
: The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: May be available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
: Qi Pei and Liyong Zhu conceived the idea and designed the study. Qi Pei supervised the project. Ruwei Yang developed the modeling and simulation strategies. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Ruwei Yang, Yujie Wen, and Shengnan Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ruwei Yang and Yujie Wen. Guoping Yang revised the manuscript critically for valuable intellectual content and proofreading. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
