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Article History

Received: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 23 December 2025

First Online: 27 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Evelyn Dhont, Alexandre Destere, Alexandre Gerard, Charles Bouveyron, Evelien Snauwaert, Sophie Vanhaesebrouck, Peter De Paepe, Jean-Baptiste Woillard, and Pieter De Cock have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: The authors confirm that any aspect of the work covered in this article involving human patients has been conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The study was approved on 22/02/2018 by the institutional Ethics Committee “Commissie voor Medische Ethiek”, with Belgian registry number B670201835281.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal representatives and from the patients if older than 12 years of age.

: All patients have provided written informed consent to publish this article.

: Supporting data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: The POPPK model described in the article is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: DE and DA were the main contributors to the study design, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and interpretation of the results. WJ-B and DCP contributed to the study design and the interpretation of data. WJ-B and DCP supervised the study. GA and BC contributed to the statistical analysis. SE, VS, and DPP contributed to the interpretation of data. VS contributed to data collection. DE and DA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors revised the work critically for important intellectual content and provided final approval of the version to be published.