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Article History

Received: 24 July 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2026

First Online: 9 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Conceptualization: MGM, JHH, RJK; Methodology: MGM, JHH, RJK; Software: MGM; Data curation: MGM, JHH, RJK; Formal analysis and investigation: MGM; Visualization: MGM; Writing – original draft preparation: MGM; Writing – review and editing: MGM, JHH, RJK; Project administration: MGM, JHH; Supervision: JHH, RJK. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

: Due to its proprietary nature, supporting data cannot be made available.

: Due to its proprietary nature, supporting code cannot be made available. NONMEM model files are available as supplementary information.

: Data forming the basis of this analysis were collected as part of routine health care operations at contracted health care entities and not specifically for this study. These data were de-identified prior to analysis. These data are retrospective, and their use poses a minimal risk to patients. No study team member has access to subject identifiers linking data to specific individuals. Therefore, this study is exempt from federal Human Research Subjects regulations as defined in the US federal regulations 45 CFR 46.102(f).

: The requirement for patient consent was waived since this is a retrospective review of de-identified data collected during routine clinical care, involving minimal risk to subjects.

: Not applicable. The data underlying this work were collected as part of routine clinical care and de-identified prior to analysis.

: Not applicable.

: MGM, JHH, and RJK are employees of InsightRX. MGM, JHH, and RJK hold stock options with InsightRX, and RJK is a stockholder of InsightRX.