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Article History

Received: 12 December 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Dirk Jan Moes is an editorial board member of Clinical Pharmacokinetics . He was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript or any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Jesse Swen has received lecture fees from Lundbeck, paid directly to his employer (Leiden University Medical Center). The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: All analyses underlying the conclusions are described in the article and its Supplementary Materials. Owing to institutional and ethical restrictions, the datasets generated and/or analyzed in this study are not publicly available; deidentified datasets and the analysis can be obtained from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Scripts were developed in a Dutch clinical context and contain both Dutch- and English-language elements, reflecting the original data structure.

: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Leiden University Medical Center (approval number: NL86162.058.24). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Concept and design: D.J.A.R.M. and A.D.L.; acquisition of data: J.R., A.D.L., A.A., and P.vdB.; formal analysis and visualization: A.D.L. and J.R.; methodology and validation: A.D.L., D.J.A.R.M., E.M., J.R., and J.J.S; Project administration: J.R., A.D.L., and E.M.; supervision: D.J.A.R.M. and J.J.S; writing—original draft: A.D.L; review and editing: A.D.L., D.J.A.R.M., A.A., E.M., J.R., P.vdB, and J.J.S. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.