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First Online: 17 August 2020

Declarations

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: Robert A. Schoevers received a research grant from the Netherlands Organization Health Research and Development for a clinical study on oral esketamine, and is the co-investigator of a clinical study on psilocybin funded by Compass Pathways. He has also received an educational grant from Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, and honorarium from Clexio Biosciences. Eric Vermetten is the principal investigator of a clinical trial on MDMA funded by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. Joost J. Breeksema, Alistair R. Niemeijer and Erwin Krediet declare no conflicts of interest.

: This study was made possible in part thanks to support from the Nypels-Tans PTSD fund at the Leiden University Medical Center. The fund had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. This article was published open access thanks to an agreement between Springer Nature and the University Medical Center Groningen.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: JJB designed the study and conducted all literature searches. All articles were read and re-read closely by the first author. Primary analysis, categorization and extraction of relevant themes and quotes was also performed by JJB. Further iterations of categories were discussed between all authors. The final manuscript was written by JJB, and all authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.