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Article History

Accepted: 17 July 2022

First Online: 12 September 2022

Declarations

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: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Open access funding provided by University of Zurich.

: NP received a salary from the RECONNECT Foundation for Pharmaceutical Development of Ayahuasca as part of an ongoing clinical study, Zurich, Switzerland and was employed as the responsible pharmacist at Aracell Zist Darou Pharmaceutical. ZHK is currently employed by Bayer Pharmaceutical, Iran and has received no funding, financial, or infrastructure support for this project from Bayer Pharmaceutical. YL received salary support from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/National Natural Science Foundation of China’s Mental Health Team Grant and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship; and personal fees from Braxia Scientific Corp. KT has received personal fees from Braxia Scientific Corp. JDR is the medical director and chief medical and scientific officer of Braxia Health (formally known as the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence and is a fully owned subsidiary of Braxia Scientific Corp), which provides ketamine and esketamine treatment for depression; he has received research grant support from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, American Psychiatric Association, American Society of Psychopharmacology, Canadian Cancer Society, Canadian Psychiatric Association, Joseph M. West Family Memorial Fund, Timeposters Fellowship, University Health Network Centre for Mental Health, and the University of Toronto and speaking, consultation, or research fees from Allergan, COMPASS, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Sunovion. DC has received grant monies for research from Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, Roche, Allergen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Lundbeck, Astra Zeneca, and Hospira; travel support and honoraria for talks and consultancy from Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, Lundbeck, Janssen Cilag,Pfizer, Organon, Sanofi-Aventis, Wyeth, Hospira, Servier, and Seqirus; and is a current or past advisory board member for Lu AA21004: Lundbeck; Varenicline: Pfizer; Asenapine: Lundbeck; Aripiprazole LAI: Lundbeck; Lisdexamfetamine: Shire; Lurasidone: Servier; Brexpiprazole: Lundbeck; Treatment Resistant Depression: LivaNova; Cariprazine: Seqirus. He is founder of the Optimal Health Program, currently operating as Optimal Health Australia; and is part owner of Clarity Healthcare. He is on the scientific advisory of The Mental Health Foundation of Australia. He does not knowingly have stocks or shares in any pharmaceutical company. RSM has received research grant support from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/National Natural Science Foundation of China’s Mental Health Team Grant; and speaker/consultation fees from Lundbeck, Janssen, Purdue, Pfizer, Otsuka, Takeda, Neurocrine, Sunovion, Bausch Health, Novo Nordisk, Kris, Sanofi, Eisai, Intra-Cellular, NewBridge Pharmaceuticals, and Abbvie. RSM is a CEO of Braxia Scientific Corp. FY, LL, MS, KL, FN, NR, HG, OL, BC, and RH have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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: NP and RSM developed the idea of the RDoC-based framework. NP designed the methodology for screening, data categorization, and tabulation. NP, ZHK, and FYS carried out the screening. NP, ZHK, and FYS prepared the visualizations. NP and RSM wrote the paper. NP and FYS edited the revised manuscript. All authors viewed and approved the final manuscript, agree to be accountable for the work, and had the opportunity to comment on earlier drafts.