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Article History

Accepted: 30 November 2022

First Online: 21 December 2022

Declarations

:

: This study did not receive any specific funding.

: MJ and HH are supported by the Monash University RTP Stipend scholarship. PP is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1163708), the Epilepsy Foundation, The University of Melbourne, Monash University, Brain Australia, the Weary Dunlop Medical Research Foundation, and the Norman Beischer Medical Research Foundation and has received speaker honoraria or consultancy fees to his institution from Chiesi, Eisai, LivaNova, Novartis, Sun Pharma, Supernus, and UCB Pharma, outside the submitted work. He is an Associate Editor for Epilepsia Open. TJO is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (APP1176426) and his institution has received research grants, speaker honoraria, or consultancy fees from Chiesi, Eisai, UCB Pharma, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, ES Pharmaceuticals, Supernus, and LivaNova, outside the submitted work. ZC is supported by an Early Career Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (GNT1156444), and he/his institution has received consultancy fees and/or research grants from Arvelle Therapeutics and UCB Pharma. PK is supported by a Medical Research Future Fund Practitioner Fellowship (MRF1136427). He/his institution has received research grants, speaker honoraria, or consultancy fees from Chiesi, Eisai, UCB Pharma, and LivaNova, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no disclosures to declare.

: No ethical approval was required for this study. All data were study-level characteristics and outcomes for a meta-analysis. We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All data extracted have been made available in the online supplementary material. Further cohort data information can be obtained through request to the corresponding author.

: Not applicable.

: MJ was the first author involved in the design, systematic search protocol, conceptualization, screening, data extraction, quality rating, statistical contribution, and authoring of the manuscript. HH was involved in the screening, data extraction, quality rating, and editing of the manuscript. SO, LV, and SH were involved in the screening and editing of the manuscript. A-AB was involved in the design, quality rating, and editing of the manuscript. ZC was involved in the design, statistical analysis, and editing of the manuscript. PP and TO were involved in the editing of the manuscript. PK was the senior author in the conceptualizing, design, statistical contribution, and editing of the manuscript.