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Article History

Accepted: 29 September 2024

First Online: 21 October 2024

Declarations

:

: No funding was received for work related to the manuscript.

: Pavel Klein has served as a consultant, advisory board member, or speaker for Abbott, Angelini, Aquestive, Arvelle Therapeutics, Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Reddy’s, Eisai, GRIN Therapeutics, Neurelis, Neurona, Paladin, SK Life Science, Sunovion, UCB Pharma, UNEEG, and UniQure; is a member of the Medical Advisory Board of Alliance and of the Scientific Advisory Boards of OB Pharma and of NEUmiRNA; is the CEO of PrevEp, Inc; and has received research support from CURE/Department of Defense and from the NIH/SBIR. Daniel Friedman receives salary support for consulting and clinical trial related activities performed on behalf of The Epilepsy Study Consortium, a non-profit organization. Dr. Friedman receives no personal income for these activities. NYU receives a fixed amount from the Epilepsy Study Consortium toward Dr. Friedman’s salary. Within the past 2 years, The Epilepsy Study Consortium received payments for research services performed by Dr. Friedman from: Biohaven, BioXcell, Cerevel, Cerebral, Epilex, Equilibre, Jannsen, Lundbeck, Praxis, Puretech, Neurocrine, SK Life Science, Supernus, UCB, and Xenon. He has also served as a paid consultant for Neurelis Pharmaceuticals. He has received travel support from the Epilepsy Foundation. He has received research support from NIH and CDC unrelated to this work. He holds equity interests in Neuroview Technology. He received royalty income from Oxford University Press. Patrick Kwan is supported by the NHMRC Investigator Grant (GNT2025849). His institution has received research grants from Eisai, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, LivaNova, and UCB Pharma unrelated to the submitted work; he/his institution has received consultancy fees from Angelini, Eisai, LivaNova, SK Life Science, and UCB Pharma unrelated to the submitted work. Patrick Kwan is an Editorial Board member of CNS Drugs. He was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: Not applicable.

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: Not applicable.

: Pavel Klein conceived the article, performed literature search and data analysis, and drafted and revised the manuscript. Daniel Friedman performed literature search and contributed to writing, editing, and revision of the manuscript. Patrick Kwan conceived the article, performed literature search and data analysis, and contributed to writing, editing, and revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approve the final submitted manuscript, and agree to be accountable for the work.