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Authors
Zhang, Sijia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0617-8619
Afshar, Houtan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3101-5297
Colvonen, Peter J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-8781
Nokes, Brandon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-7545
Compton, Jason https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3058-6783
Mishra, Jyoti https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-4557
Bismark, Andrew W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-642X
Ramanathan, Dhakshin S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-3067
Koloski, Miranda F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-8122
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Article History
Accepted: 13 March 2025
First Online: 26 April 2025
Declarations
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: This work is supported by VA Merit (1 I01 RX003623-01) awarded to P.C. and a VA Career Development Award to M.K. (K2BX006125).
: The authors report no conflicts of interest.
: This retrospective analysis was approved as an exempt study by the local VA institutional review board (IRB).
: This study was approved by the local VA IRB and was granted an exemption from requiring informed consent owing to its retrospective design and use of deidentified data.
: Not applicable.
: The datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available owing to ethical and legal restrictions and cannot be shared.
: No custom code or software was used in this study.
: All authors have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. All authors have contributed to this manuscript in each of the following three ways: (1) made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content; and (3) reviewed and approved the final version to be published. All individuals who qualify for authorship on the basis of the criteria above are listed as authors. All authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.
