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Article History

Accepted: 26 May 2025

First Online: 12 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

: J.A.W. reports personal fees from Eisai GmbH, UCB Pharma GmbH, and Jazz Pharmaceuticals Germany GmbH outside the submitted work. M.B. has received travel support from Eisai GmbH and UCB Pharma outside the submitted work. R.S. has received personal fees as speaker or for serving on advisory boards from Angelini, Arvelle, Bial, Desitin, Eisai, Jazz Pharmaceuticals Germany GmbH, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, LivaNova, LivAssured B.V., Novartis, Precisis GmbH, Rapport Therapeutics, UCB Pharma, UNEEG, and Zogenix outside the submitted work. R.v.W. reports fees as speaker or for serving on advisory boards from Angelini, Arvelle, personal fees from Apocare, personal fees from Eisai, other from GW pharma, personal fees from UCB, and personal fees from Desitin outside the submitted work. C.H. reports honoria for speeches, webinars, counseling, etc. from UCB, Eisai, Angelini, GW, Precisis, and Jazz Pharma and honoraria for expert testimonies, as well as license fees from UCB and Eisai outside the submitted work. These activities were not related to the drafting and the explicit content of this manuscript.

: The dataset analyzed during the current study is not publicly available. Data will be made available on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: The local antiseizure medication registry was approved by the Ethics commission of the Medical Faculty at the University of Bonn (no. 130/19).

: Informed consent was not required given that this was a retrospective analysis of data gathered in a local antiseizure medication registry approved by the Ethics commission of the Medical Faculty at the University of Bonn (no. 130/19).

: Not applicable.

: J.A.W. conceptualized the study. M.B., R.S., and R.v.W. were involved in the acquisition of patients and provided clinical data. J.A.W. performed the data analysis and prepared the first draft of the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript for intellectual content, approved the final version of the manuscript and are accountable for their work.