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Article History

Received: 9 January 2025

Accepted: 8 August 2025

First Online: 29 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: We commit that any researcher with a legitimate request for the data can access it under strict privacy protection and data usage agreements. Researchers interested in obtaining the data must submit a methodologically sound research proposal to the corresponding author and may access the data upon approval. Our aim is to promote validation and application of these findings within the scientific community through responsible data sharing, while ensuring participant privacy and data security.

: This clinical cohort study has obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Longgang Second People’s Hospital in Shenzhen, with approval number LGEY-IRB-KY-2024-001. The study strictly adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable ethical guidelines.

: The present work and its open access publication were funded by The 2024 Healthcare Quality (Evidence-Based) Management Research Project of the National Institute of Hospital Administration, National Medical Commission of the People's Republic of China (No. YLZLXZ24G030). The sponsors of the study had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report.

: All participants received comprehensive study information and provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: W.W. Zeng was conceived the study, result interpretation; made significant revisions to the manuscript’s content and involved in funding acquisition and research supervision.Tahir Ali and H.B. Dai made significant revisions to the manuscript's content. F.Q. Liang conceived the study, participated in PANSS scale assessment, data collection, data analysis, result interpretation, and drafted the manuscript. X.Y. Lin participated in sample processing and manuscript writing. Y.Y. Zhang also participated in PANSS scale assessment. Y.Z. Zheng participated in sample collection, data collection and andobtained informed consent. All authors participated in the discussion of results and provided input for the paper publication.