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Authors
Mortazavi, Matin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-7661
Aminifarsani, Zahra
Rossum, Inge Winter-van
Kahn, René S.
Fleischhacker, W. Wolfgang
Davidson, Michael
Weiser, Mark
Siskind, Dan
Leucht, Stefan
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Kahn, René Sylvain
Fleischhacker, Walter Wolfgang
Luykx, Jurjen
Mosescu, Monica
Galderisi, Silvana
Kupchik, Marina
Stefanis, Nikos
Teitelbaum, Alexander
Rocca, Paola
Psota, Georg
Umoh, George
Bitter, Istvan
Hranov, Lucho
Hofer, Alex
Cordes, Joachim
Nilforooshan, Ramin
Bobes, Julio
Reitan, Solveig Klebo
Morrens, Manuel
Nirestean, Aurel
Geddes, John
Faccorro, Benedicto Crespo
Olajossy, Marcin
Rossi, Alessandro
Johnsen, Erik
László, Csekey
Ciobanu, Adela
Haddad, Peter
Oife, Igor
Bernardo, Miquel
Stan, Rodicutza
Jarema, Marek
Rujescu, Dan
Ustohal, Libor
Mayfield, Neil
Dazzan, Paola
Valeversuski, Avi
Libiger, Jan
Köhler, Richard
Mohr, Pavel
Pappa, Sofia
Drosos, Petros
Barnes, Thomas
DeClercq, Esther
Bucci, Paola
Mucci, Armida
Rabinowitz, Yaacov
Adamopoulous, Adam
Draiman, Benjamin
Montemagni, Cristiana
Greslechner, Manfred
Herlihy, Hannah
Bolyos, Csilla
Kraepelin-Schmidt, Christian
True, Jessica
Garcia, Leticia Alvarez
Walla, Berit
Sabbe, Bernhard
Emese, Lucaks
Mather, Sarah
Skoczen, Nikodem
Parnanzone, Serena
Bjarke, Jill
Karácsonyi, Krisztina
Lankshear, Steve
Garriga, Marina
Wichniak, Adam
Baumbach, Heidi
Schurr, Timo
Willebrands, Leonie
Nasib, Lyliana
Okhuijsen-Pfeifer, Cynthia
Huijsman, Elianne
Hasan, Alkomiet
Wagner, Elias
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lundbeck and Otsuka
German Center for Mental Health (FKZ: 01EE2303C)
Universität Augsburg
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 11 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in relation to the subject of this study. General declaration of potential conflict of interests: E.W. was invited to advisory boards from Recordati, Teva, and Boehringer Ingelheim. A.H. was and is a member of advisory boards and received paid speakership by Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Rovi, Teva (no speakership), AbbVie, Recordati, and Advanz. He is editor of the AWMF German guidelines for schizophrenia. W.W.F. has received grants from Otsuka and Lundbeck and speaker’s fees from Sumitomo Pharma. M.D. is an employee of Minerva Neurosciences, a biotech developing central nervous system drugs. In the past 3 years, S.L. has received honoraria as a consultant, adviser, or lecturer from Alkermes, Angelini, Eisai, Gedeon Richter, Janssen, Lundbeck, Lundbeck Institute, Merck Sharpp and Dome, Otsuka, Recordati, Rovi, Sanofi Aventis, TEVA, Medichem, and Mitsubishi. D.S. has no conflicts to declare. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: All study participants provided informed written consent for secondary data analysis.
: All study participants provided informed written consent.
: Relevant regulatory bodies and ethics committees in each participating country approved the study and its adherence to local regulations and the Declaration of Helsinki. The trial was overseen by the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, following the guidelines of Good Clinical Practice and the International Conference on Harmonization.
: A request for receipt of the study data, the data dictionary, study protocol, and informed consent can be submitted for review and approval by the study management group.
: A request for receipt of the codes (R scripts and SPSS Syntax) can be submitted for review and approval by the study management group.
: M.M., E.W., and A.H. designed the secondary analysis. M.M. and Z.A. conducted the statistical analysis. M.M., A.H., and E.W. interpreted the data and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. A.H., E.W., and I.W.-v.R. conceptualized the study, provided supervision, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. I.W.-v.R., R.S.K., W.W.F., M.D., M.W., S.L., and the EULAST Study Group were responsible for the design and conduct of the original EULAST trial and the acquisition of the data. D.S. provided critical intellectual contributions and revisions. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. M.M. and Z.A. share the first authorship; A.H. and E.W. share the last authorship.
