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Article History

Received: 29 April 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 17 January 2026

Declarations

:

: B.S. Barnett holds stock in Atai Life Sciences N.V. and CB Therapeutics (options). He has served as an advisor for AbbVie, Cerebral, CB Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, GH Research, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Livanova, and MindMed. He receives monetary compensation from DynaMed Plus (EBSCO Industries, Inc.) for editorial work and speaker’s fees from TD Cowen. Dr Barnett receives research support from Abbott Laboratories, Compass Pathways, MindMed, and Reunion Neuroscience. V. Van den Eynde has received consulting fees from PsychoTropical Research, NeuraWell Therapeutics, Aristo Pharma GmbH, and a speaker’s fee from the Flemish Psychiatric Association (donated to a charitable trust for monoamine oxidase inhibitor [MAOI] research). He has acquired a grant from Neon Healthcare for PsychoTropical Research and for the International MAOI Expert Group, and has stock options in NeuraWell Therapeutics. P.K. Gillman has equity interests in, and serves on the advisory board of, NeuraWell Therapeutics, the company holding the patent for a modified form of tranylcypromine. He has received a speaker’s fee from the Flemish Psychiatric Association (donated to a charitable trust for MAOI research). The other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: B.S. Barnett conceptualized the study and provided critical revisions. G. Rached drafted the manuscript and conducted the literature review. A. Campana, D. Fiani, and C. Nguyen contributed to data extraction and synthesis. V. Van den Eynde and P.K. Gillman provided expert review of the pharmacological and safety content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.