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Article History

Received: 15 November 2025

Accepted: 22 March 2026

First Online: 8 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Yong Moon Choi founded SK Biopharmaceuticals (Fairfield, NJ, USA and Daeduk/Seoul, South Korea) in 1993, was Executive Vice President of the company during the development of cenobamate (till 2006), and, since 2008, is the CEO of Bio-Pharm Solutions (Seoul, South Korea). H. Steve White directed the NINDS ETSP at the University of Utah during the development of cenobamate. He has received grant funding from Neurelis and consultant fees from BioPharm Solutions and JAZZ Pharmaceuticals, and speaker honoraria from SK Life Sciences, Takeda, and UCB Pharma. He is also a co-founder of NeuroAdjuvants, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Pavel Klein took part in all three pivotal clinical trials of cenobamate, co-authored two of the three foundational manuscripts (Krauss et al., 2020; Sperling et al., 2020), with access to complete study reports for both trials, and lead-authored the open-label extension manuscript of the most important pivotal trial (Klein et al., 2022), in addition to co-authoring a host of secondary cenobamate efficacy and safety manuscripts derived from the pivotal trial data. He has served as a consultant, advisory board member, or speaker (2020–25) for Abbott, Angelini Pharma, Aquestive Therapeutics, Arvelle Therapeutics, Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Reddy’s, Eisai, GRIN Therapeutics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Longboard Pharmaceuticals, Neurelis, Inc., Neurona Therapeutics, Paladin Pharma, SK Life Science, Sunovion, UCB Pharma, UNEEG, UniQure, and Xenon Pharma, is a member of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board for Neurona Therapeutics, and is a member of the Medical Advisory Board of Stratus and the Scientific Advisory Boards of OB Pharma and of NEUmirna, is the CEO of PrevEp, Inc. (Bethesda, MD, USA), and has received research support from CURE/Department of Defense and from the NIH/SBIR. Wolfgang Löscher is a member of the External Consultant Board of the NINDS ETSP program. He is a co-founder and CSO of PrevEp, Inc. (Bethesda, MD, USA). He has received in the past 5 years consultancy fees from Lundbeck, Angelini, Clexio, Selene, Axonis, SynapCell, Sintetica, ND Capital, Atlas Venture, Cogent Biosolutions, Ovid, Idorsia, and Addex.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: No primary data were collected for this study. The original data extraction is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: WL: conceptualization (lead); investigation (equal); visualization (lead); writing (original draft preparation [lead]); writing (review and editing [equal]); YMC: writing (review and editing [equal]); investigation (equal). HSW: writing (review and editing [equal]); investigation (equal). PK: writing (review and editing [equal]); investigation (equal). All authors reviewed and approved the final paper.