Giovannoni, Gavin
Galazka, Andrew
Schick, Regina
Leist, Thomas
Comi, Giancarlo
Montalban, Xavier
Damian, Doris
Dangond, Fernando
Cook, Stuart
Funding for this research was provided by:
EMD Serono, Inc., a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (in the USA), and Merck Serono SA – Geneva, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Article History
First Online: 23 May 2020
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The design of this study and the collection and analysis of data, and medical writing and editorial support in development of this manuscript were sponsored by EMD Serono, Inc., a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (in the USA), and Merck Serono SA-Geneva, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (rest of the world).
: Gavin Giovannoni has received speaker honoraria and consulting fees from AbbVie, Actelion, Atara Bio, Almirall, Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, FivePrime, GlaxoSmithKline, GW Pharma, Ironwood, Merck & Co., Merck KGaA, Novartis, Pfizer Inc., Protein Discovery Laboratories, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Sanofi-Genzyme, UCB, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals; and has received research support unrelated to this study from Biogen Idec, Ironwood, Merck & Co., and Novartis. Andrew Galazka is an employee of Merck, Aubonne, Switzerland, a division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Regina Schick is an employee of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Thomas Leist has received consultancy fees or clinical research grants from Acorda, Bayer, Biogen, Daiichi, EMD Serono, Novartis, ONO, Pfizer, and Teva Neuroscience. Giancarlo Comi has received consulting fees from Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Genentech-Roche, Merck, Novartis, Receptos, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd; lecture fees from Bayer Schering, Biogen Dompè, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Serono Symposia International Foundation, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd; and trial grant support from Bayer Schering, Biogen Dompè, Biogen Idec, Genentech-Roche, Merck, Novartis, Receptos, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Xavier Montalban has received speaking honoraria and travel expenses for scientific meetings, has been a steering committee member of clinical trials or participated in advisory boards of clinical trials in the past years with Actelion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Excemed, Genzyme, Merck, MSIF, NMSS, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Doris Damian and Fernando Dangond are employees of EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Stuart Cook has received honoraria for lectures/consultations from Actinobac Biomed, Inc., Bayer HealthCare, Biogen Idec, Merck KGaA, Neurology Reviews, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva Pharmaceuticals; has served on advisory boards for Actinobac Biomed, Inc., Bayer HealthCare, Biogen Idec, Merck KGaA, and Teva Pharmaceuticals; and received grant support from Bayer HealthCare.
: No formal ethics approval was required in this analysis: for each clinical trial included in this integrated analysis, approval was granted by an independent ethics committee.
: All patients provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in the clinical trial.