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First Online: 26 August 2020

Declarations

:

: This study was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant no. 320030 to Estella S. Poloni. Médéric Mouterde is supported by the iGE3 PhD salary award.

: Victoria Rollason, Médéric Mouterde, Youssef Daali, Martina Čížková, Edita Priehodová, Iva Kulichová, Helena Posová, Jitka Petanová, Anwar Mulugeta, Eyasu Makonnen, Abir Al-Habsi, Robin Davidson, Khalid K. Al-Balushi, Khalid Al-Thihli, Marie Cerná, Said Al-Yahyaee, Viktor Černý, Getnet Yimer, Estella S. Poloni, and Jules Desmeules have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: The protocol of this study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the Canton of Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland), the Faculty of Sciences, Institutional Review Board of Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic), the National Research Ethics Review Committee and the Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), and the Medical Research and Ethics Committee of Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat (Sultanate of Oman). All procedures performed were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent from all subjects was obtained prior to performing any study procedures.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because of an ongoing analysis of phenotype and genotype association, but are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: VR, MM, YD, MČ, EP, IK, HP, JP, AM, EM, AA-H, RD, KKA-B, KA-T, MC, SA-Y, VČ, GY, ESP, and JD made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work. VR, MM, YD, MČ, EM, KKA-B, KA-T, MC, SA-Y, VČ, GY, ESP, and JD drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content. VR, MM, YD, MČ, EP, IK, HP, JP, AM, EM, AA-H, RD, KKA-B, KA-T, MC, SA-Y, VČ, GY, ESP, and JD approved the version to be published. VR, MM, YD, MČ, EP, IK, HP, JP, AM, EM, AA-H, RD, KKA-B, KA-T, MC, SA-Y, VČ, GY, ESP, and JD agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.