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Article History

Accepted: 9 February 2022

First Online: 17 May 2022

Declarations

:

: This project received support from the EHDEN project. EHDEN received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement no. 806968. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations.

: Ross D. Williams, Jan A. Kors, and Ewout Steyerberg have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Katia M. Verhamme and Peter R. Rijnbeek work for a research group that has received unconditional research grants from Boehringer-Ingelheim, GSK, Janssen Research & Development, Novartis, Pfizer, Yamanouchi, and Servier. Jenna M. Reps and Patrick B. Ryan are employees and shareholders of Janssen Research & Development and shareholders of Johnson & Johnson.

: Ross D. Williams is responsible for the data. Privacy concerns mean the patient-level data for the study are not available. All results are available at.

: All code used in the study is provided open source at.

: RDW had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. PBR and KMV contributed significantly to the development of the cohort definitions. All authors contributed substantially to the study design, data analysis and interpretation, and the writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.

: The use of IBM and Optum databases was reviewed by the New England Institutional Review Board (IRB) and were determined to be exempt from IRB approval.

: The manuscript uses secondary data. As such, no human participants were involved in the study, and informed consent for participation was not necessary at any site.

: Not applicable.