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Article History

Accepted: 19 March 2023

First Online: 23 April 2023

Declarations

:

: Romina Fornes received funding from the "National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research". CONICYT, scholarship program “Becas Chile, Postdoctorado en el extranjero”. RB was funded as a postdoctoral researcher by the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO: 2019–2021, 12I6319N).

: No authors have conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this manuscript.

: This study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Stockholm (2017/2423–31), which waived the need for informed consent because of the registry-nature of the data. The study accords to European General Data Protection Regulations, and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: De-identified data are available upon reasonable requested (contact corresponding author NB, principal investigator of the study) under the condition that all ethical and data-sharing requirements are fulfilled. Due to the registry-based nature of the data, containing clinical and personal information, it is not allowed by the National Board of Health and Welfare to deposit these data publicly.

: Available by contacting the corresponding author.

: LLN, JS, RB and NB designed the study. Data management was conducted by LLN, RF and JS. LLN, junior statistician, conducted the statistical analyses under supervision of JS, NB as clinical epidemiologists, and senior statistician RB. All authors interpreted the results, with IM (child psychiatrist) and SC (infectious diseases/internal medicine expert) as clinical experts, and IO as expert on neurodevelopmental disorders, and LE as expert in clinical microbiology/microbiome. LLN, JS and NB drafted the manuscript, which was critically revised and approved for submission by all authors (RF, IM, SC, IO, LE, RB). All authors (LLN, JS, RB, IO, IM, SC, LE, RB, NB) agree to be personally accountable for their own contributions, and ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved and the resolution documented in the literature. All authors read and approved the final version.