Yan, Vincent Ka Chun
Yang, Yu
Wan, Eric Yuk Fai
Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun
Chui, Celine Sze Ling
Li, Xue
Wong, Carlos King Ho
Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai
Lau, Chak Sing
Wong, Ian Chi Kei
Chan, Esther Wai Yin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-9470
Funding for this research was provided by:
HMRF Research on COVID-19 (COVID1903011)
Article History
Accepted: 28 May 2024
First Online: 25 June 2024
Declarations
:
: This work was supported by HMRF Research on COVID-19, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government (Principal Investigator (WP2): EWC; ref. no. COVID1903011). ICKW and FTTL are partially supported by the Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H) funded by the by AIR@InnoHK administered by the Innovation and Technology Commission. The study funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.
: <i>EYFW</i> has received research grants from the Health Bureau of the Government of the HKSAR, and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, outside the submitted work. <i>FTTL</i> has been supported by a Research Grants Council Postdoctoral Fellowship under the Hong Kong Research Grants Council and has received research grants from the Health Bureau of the Government of the HKSAR, outside the submitted work. <i>CSLC</i> has received grants from the Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, Pfizer, IQVIA, and Amgen; and personal fees from PrimeVigilance; outside the submitted work. <i>XL</i> has received research grants from the Health Bureau of the Government of the HKSAR; research and educational grants from Janssen and Pfizer; internal funding from the University of Hong Kong; and consultancy fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme; unrelated to this work. <i>CKHW</i> has received research grants from the Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, and the EuroQol Research Foundation, unrelated to this work. <i>IFNH</i> received speaker fees from MSD. <i>ICKW</i> reports research funding from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Bayer, GSK, Novartis, the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, the Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund, the National Institute for Health Research in England, the European Commission, and the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia, outside the submitted work; and is a non-executive director of Jacobson Medical in Hong Kong and a consultant to IQVIA and the World Health Organization. <i>EWC</i> reports grants from the Research Grants Council (Hong Kong), the Research Fund Secretariat of the Health Bureau, the National Natural Science Fund of China, Wellcome Trust, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Amgen, Takeda, and the Narcotics Division of the Security Bureau of the HKSAR; and honorarium from the Hospital Authority; outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Central Institutional Review Board of the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong (CIRB-2021-005-4) and the DH Ethics Committee (LM171/2021).
: Informed consent has been waived by the ethics committee, as this study used anonymised data and does not involve patient contact or intervention.
: Consent for publication was not required for this study, which used anonymised data without any patient identifiable information
: Data are not available as the data custodians (the Hospital Authority and the Department of Health of HKSAR) have not given permission for sharing due to patient confidentiality and privacy concerns. Local academic institutions, government departments, or non-governmental organisations may apply for access to the data through the Hospital Authority’s data-sharing portal ().
: Software codes used in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.
: VKCY, YY, EYFW, ICKW, and EWC contributed to the study conception and design. VKCY, YY, EYFW, FTTL, CSLC, XL, CKHW, ICKW, and EWC acquired and interpreted the data. VKCY and YY wrote the first draft of the manuscript and performed statistical analysis of the data. ICKW and EWC administered the project and provided technical and material support. EYFW, FTTL, CSLC, XL, CKHW, IFNH, CSL, ICKW, and EWC revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.