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Article History

Accepted: 6 May 2025

First Online: 30 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This material is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Orlando Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (Orlando, Florida). This research was supported, in whole or in part, by HCA Healthcare and/or an HCA Healthcare affiliated entity.

: None.

: The authors declared no conflict of interest.

: The Orlando VA Institutional Review Board approved the study (IRB approval number: 1680940-6).

: The Orlando VA institutional review board waived the requirement for informed consent because only preexisting deidentified data were analyzed.

: Data are stored in the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), the operational platform for health services research at the Veterans Healthcare Administration (VHA). The VINCI acts as a data steward for the VHA Data Systems. The data in VINCI cannot be copied, transferred, or printed. Access to data by other researchers is possible following the VINCI protocols, ascribed to the VINCI Central website: .

: Codes used in the study are provided in Supplementary Material.

: The study concept and design: JT, IM, MB, VK; Acquisition of data and statistical analysis: IM; Interpretation of data: JT, IM, MB, VK; manuscript initial draft: JT, MB; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: IM, JT, MB, VK; study supervision: IM, MB. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.