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Authors
Silva, S. Sandun M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-981X
Wabe, Nasir
Raban, Magdalena Z.
Nguyen, Amy D.
Huang, Guogui
Xu, Ying
Mercado, Crisostomo
Firempong, Desiree C.
Westbrook, Johanna I.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health and Medical Research Council (1170898)
Macquarie University
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Article History
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 6 September 2025
Declarations
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: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. The study was part of a project funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Partnership Project Grant in partnership with Anglicare (1170898). The funding organisation did not have any influence on the study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation as well as the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript for publication.
: The study received ethics approval from the Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (reference no. 52019614412614). All methods and analysis in this study were carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The study received ethical approval from Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (No. 52019614412614). Since this is a retrospective cohort study utilising, de-identified, existing routinely collected aged care data, a waiver of informed consent was granted by Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee following the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research section 3.3.14 (a) as the study used previously collected de-identified data.
: Not applicable.
: As the analysis includes free-text fields, the statistical R code cannot be publicly shared. However, it can be provided upon request.
: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available owing to reasons of sensitivity and may include some stakeholder details as in free texts. The data will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The research was designed by S.S.M.S., N.W., and M.Z.R. The analysis was performed by S.S.M.S. The free-text incidents descriptions were coded by C.M., and D.C.F. The manuscript was drafted by S.S.M.S., N.W., M.Z.R., A.D.N., G.H., Y.X. and J.I.W. The manuscript draft and analysis were reviewed by J.I.W., M.Z.R. and N.W. All authors have read and approved the final version.
