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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 26 August 2025

First Online: 16 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Miriam Schechner, Marietta Rottenkolber, Clara Weglage, Vita Brišnik, Annette Haerdtlein, Bruce Guthrie, Ulrich Jaehde, Eva Grill and Tobias Dreischulte have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: All research procedures adhered to HIC policies and standard operating procedures (Data Access Approvals-HIC Policies and Standard Operating Procedures-Confluence [atlassian.net]). These are approved by the East of Scotland Research Ethics Service and the NHS Tayside Caldicott Guardian, with agreement that studies adhering to the standard operating procedures do not require individual ethical review. Non-identifiable data were used for data linkage and analysis, and all data were analysed in an ISO27001 and Scottish Government accredited Data Safe Haven.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material. Further supporting materials are available upon request from the corresponding author.

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualisation: MS, TD; methodology: MS, MR, TD; formal analysis and investigation: MS, MR; writing (original draft preparation): MS; writing (review and editing): MS, TD, MR, BG, UJ, VB, AH, CW, EG; supervision: TD. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.