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Authors
Crisafulli, Salvatore
Ciccimarra, Francesco
Scapini, Fabio
L’Abbate, Luca
Jannini, Emmanuele A.
De Martino, Maria Cristina
Giannetta, Elisa
Mestres, Jordi
Tuccori, Marco
Trifirò, Gianluca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-7296
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Union – Next Generation EU, Mission 4, Component 1 (B53D23030830001)
Università degli Studi di Verona
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: Gianluca Trifirò has served, over the last 3 years, on advisory boards/seminars funded by Sanofi, MSD, Eli Lilly, Sobi, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Novo Nordisk, Gilead and Amgen on topics not related to content of this paper; he is also the scientific coordinator of the academic spin-off “INSPIRE srl”, which has received funding from several pharmaceutical companies (Kiowa Kirin, Shionogi, Shire, Novo Nordisk and Daiichi Sankyo) for conducting observational studies and additional consultancy services on topics not related to content of this paper. Additionally, he is currently a consultant for Viatris in a legal case concerning a topic not related to the content of this paper. Emmanuele A. Jannini is or has been a consultant and/or paid speaker for Bayer, Ibsa, Kanna, Menarini, Mia, Otsuka, Pfizer, Recordati, Shionogi and Viatris. Gianluca Trifirò and Marco Tuccori are Editorial Board members of Drug Safety , but were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Salvatore Crisafulli, Francesco Ciccimarra, Fabio Scapini, Luca L’Abbate, Maria Cristina De Martino, Elisa Giannetta and Jordi Mestres have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.
: Not applicable. This study did not use personal data.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Access to the data is restricted based on the conditions for access within the World Health Organization Programme for International Drug Monitoring.
: The code used in the extraction and analysis of data is available upon reasonable request.
: GT supervised the study and conceived the concept. SC and FC wrote the first draft of the manuscript. FS, FC, SC and LL conducted the analyses. EAJ, MCDM, EG, JM and MT critically revised the manuscript and have made important intellectual contributions. The corresponding author (GT) attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted. All authors have read and approved the final version.
