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Article History

Received: 20 June 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 5 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Gianluca Trifirò and Francesco Salvo are Editorial Board members of Drug Safety . Gianluca Trifirò and Francesco Salvo were not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions. The authors have no additional competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: Details on the extracted pDDIs and the classification are provided in the electronic supplementary material. Any additional data can be provided upon request from the corresponding author.

: Data extraction was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Bordeaux University Hospital (CER-BDX 2024-93). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards defined by the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: L.C., L.L., S.C., G.M., A.P., E.E., and F.S. conceptualized and designed the study and developed the methodology. L.C., L.L., V.J., F.K., S.C., C.M., J.R., and F.S. performed the research and analyzed the data. L.C., M.C., G.T., and F.S. drafted the original manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results and to the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.