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Authors
Kang, Wei
Lam, Bowie P. Y.
Lau, Rinko Tsz Lam
Li, Silvia T. H.
Wu, Kangrui
Wei, Yue
Yang, Yu
Lee, Kyung Jin
Huang, Caige
Yan, Vincent K. C.
Yiu, Hei Hang Edmund
Lee, Shing Fung
Helali, Aya El
Lee, Victor H. F.
Chan, Stephen L.
Hui, Rina Y. M.
Lam, Ka On
Chan, Esther W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-9470
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hong Kong Research Grants Council, General Research Fund (17108621)
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Declarations
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: Esther W. Chan has received grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR, Research Fund Secretariat of the Health Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR, National Natural Science Fund of China, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Novartis, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Takeda, the RGA Reinsurance Company, Narcotics Division of the Security Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR, and the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Novartis; and an honorarium from the Hospital Authority of the Hong Kong SAR. Wei Kang, Bowie P.Y. Lam, Rinko Tsz Lam Lau, Silvia T.H. Li, Kangrui Wu, Yue Wei, Yu Yang, Kyung Jin Lee, Caige Huang, Vincent K.C. Yan, Hei Hang Edmund Yiu, Shing Fung Lee, Aya El Helali, Victor H.F. Lee, Stephen L. Chan, Rina Y.M. Hui, and Ka On Lam have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Because this meta-analysis was based on data extracted from previously published research, all the data and study materials are available in the public domain. For further discussions, we invite interested parties to contact the corresponding author.
: Not applicable.
: Conceptualization and design: WK and EWC; acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: WK, BPYL, TLL, STHL, KW, and EWC; drafting of the manuscript: WK, BPYL, and TLL; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all authors; statistical analysis: WK, BPYL, and STHL; administrative, technical, or material support: EWC; supervision: EWC. All authors read, reviewed, and approved the final manuscript.
