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Article History

Received: 31 March 2026

Accepted: 21 June 2026

First Online: 18 July 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: EJ reports consulting or having an advisory role for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, Incyte, Pfizer, and Takeda; and receiving research funding from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Ascentage Pharma Group, Pfizer, and Takeda. FC reports receiving honoraria for advisory boards/consultancies/speakers’ bureaus from BMS/Celgene, Incyte, Novartis, Pfizer, and Zentiva; and receiving institutional research support from BMS/Celgene, Incyte, Novartis, and Pfizer. MB-K, RS, NTN, DK, FR, and PP report employment and stock ownership with Incyte Corporation. VG-G reports research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Novartis, and Pfizer; receiving honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, CTA, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Novartis, and Pfizer; and providing expert testimony for Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Novartis, and Pfizer.

Availability of data and material: Incyte Corporation (Wilmington, DE) is committed to data sharing that advances science and medicine while protecting patient privacy. Qualified external scientific researchers may request anonymized data sets owned by Incyte for the purpose of conducting legitimate scientific research. Researchers may request anonymized data sets from any interventional study (except phase 1 studies) for which the product and indication have been approved on, or after, 1 January 2020 in at least one major market (e.g., USA, EU, and Japan). Data will be available for request after the primary publication, or 2 years after the study has ended. Information on Incyte’s clinical trial data sharing policy and instructions for submitting clinical trial data requests are available at: .

Code availability: Not applicable.

Ethics approval: Not applicable.

Consent to participate: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Author contributions: EJ, FC, MB-K, RS, NTN, and VG-G conceptualized the study; MB-K was responsible for resources; RS and NTN curated the data; RS and NTN performed the formal analysis; MB-K and DK supervised; RS and NTN were responsible for validation; RS and NTN performed the investigation; RS and NTN were responsible for visualization; MB-K, RS, and NTN were responsible for the methodology; EJ, MB-K, RS, and NTN wrote the original draft; MB-K was responsible for project administration; EJ, FC, MB-K, RS, NTN, DK, FR, and VG-G reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.