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Article History

Accepted: 7 April 2024

First Online: 29 May 2024

Declarations

:

: No external funding was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

: Peter J. Psaltis is a recipient of a L2 Future Leader Fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia (FLF102056) and an L2 Career Development Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (CDF1161506). He has received research support from Abbott Vascular, consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Sanofi and Esperion, and speaker honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Schering Plough, Sanofi and Pfizer. Thomas A. Agbaedeng, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Kirsty A. Roberts, Derek P. Chew, and Azmeraw T. Amare declare they have no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: Conception and Design: TAA. Search strategy: TAA. Selection of studies: TAA, JJN. Data extraction: TAA, JJN. Data synthesis: TAA. Data interpretation: TAA, JJN. Manuscript drafting: TAA, JJN. Manuscript revision: TAA, JJN, KAR, DPC, PJP, ATA. Approval of the final manuscript: TAA, JJN, KAR, DPC, PJP, ATA.

: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Due to the publicly available data used in this meta-analysis, Institutional Review Board approval was not required.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.