De la Torre Canales, Giancarlo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-342X
Câmara-Souza, Mariana Barbosa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-121X
Ernberg, Malin http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4152-5439
Al-Moraissi, Essam Ahmed http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-9662
Grigoriadis, Anastasios http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-8299
Poluha, Rodrigo Lorenzi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6448
Christidis, Maria http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-6855
Jasim, Hajer http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-8070
Lövgren, Anna http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-6654
Christidis, Nikolaos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-7863
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
Article History
Accepted: 12 May 2024
First Online: 20 June 2024
Declarations
:
: Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute.
: G. De la Torre Canales, M.B. Câmara-Souza,, M. Ernberg, E.A. Al-Moraissi, A. Grigoriadis, R.L. Poluha, M. Christidis, H. Jasim, A. Lövgren, and N. Christidis all declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
: Not applicable.
: Nikolaos Christidis and Giancarlo De la Torre Canales conceived the main idea for the article. However, all authors contributed to the study conception and design. Hajer Jasim and Anna Lövgren performed the literature search with help from the university library at Karolinska Institutet. Selection of papers was performed by Hajer Jasim and Anna Lövgren. The protocols for data extraction and the risk of bias were developed by Giancarlo De la Torre Canales, Nikolaos Christidis, Anastasios Grigoriadis, and Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi. Data extraction was done by Mariana Barbosa Câmara-Souza and Malin Ernberg. Analysis of risk of bias was performed by Rodrigo Lorenzi Poluha and Maria Christidis. Maria Christidis is a senior lecturer and responsible for the course “Scientific theory and methods,” and teaches specifically about different methods for risk of bias and evaluation of certainty of evidence. The synthesis of the results was performed by Giancarlo De la Torre Canales and Nikolaos Christidis and double-checked by Anastasios Grigoriadis and Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi. Further, both Nikolaos Christidis and Giancarlo De la Torre Canales double checked all parts of the data extraction, assessment of risk of bias, and certainty of evidence. Giancarlo De la Torre Canales and Nikolaos Christidis drafted the first manuscript, which was critically revised by all authors who commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version manuscript.