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Article History

Accepted: 1 December 2024

First Online: 19 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The ESCEO working group was funded by the ESCEO. The ESCEO receives unrestricted educational grants to support its educational and scientific activities from non-governmental organisations, not-for-profit organisations, non-commercial, or corporate partners. The choice of topics, participants, content, and agenda of the working groups as well as the writing, editing, submission, and reviewing of the manuscript are the sole responsibility of the ESCEO, without any influence from third parties.

: NA-D, MA, CB, ABvB, NB, EC, MC, AC, PGC, EC, PD’A, BD-H, J-MK, SM, RM, EM, ODM, DP, MCPY, RPR and JAK, and have no competing interests to declare with respect to this manuscript. NF has received honoraria and speaker fees from Viatris and UCB. RRi has received fees for advisory board participation or lectures from Abiogen, Effryx, and Theramex. NCH has received personal fees, consultancy, lecture fees and/or honoraria from Alliance for Better Bone Health, AMGEN, MSD, Eli Lilly, UCB, Kyowa Kirin, Servier, Shire, Consilient Healthcare, Theramex and Internis Pharma. OB has received consulting or lecture fees from Amgen, Aptissen, Biophytis, IBSA, Mylan, Novartis, Nutricia, Orifarm, Sanofi, UCB, and Viatris. BC has received personal fees, consultancy fees, lecture fees, and honoraria from Alexion, Amgen, Expanscience, Kyowa-Kirin, MSD, Novartis,Theramex, UCB, and Viatris. AC-J has received honoraria for teaching activities from Abbott Nutrition, Fresenius Kabi, Nestlé Health Care, and Nutricia Danone. EMD has received consultancy honoraria and speaker fees from UCB, Pfizer, Viatris, and Lilly. MH has received research grants (paid to institution) from Radius Health and Angelini Pharma and lecture fees from IBSA (paid to institution) and Mylan Pharmaceuticals and was grant advisor for Pfizer (paid to institution). YR has received support from CHU Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, and INSERM CERPOP1295 (employee); is a shareholder of SARQOL SPRL, a spin-off of the University of Liege; and has received consultancy fees from Longeveron and Biophytis and honoraria for lectures from Pfizer. NV has received personal fees from MYLAN, FIDIA, IBSA, Viatris, and Nestlè. AL is a member of the Scientific Advice Working Party at the European Medicines Agency and has no conflicting interests to declare. EB-I is a member of the CHMP, SAWP, CNSWP, PCWP, and ETF (European Medicines Agency) and has no conflicting interests to declare. FC has no competing interests with respect to this manuscript. CT is a member of the CHMP, PRAC, and MWP (European Medicines Agency) and has no conflicting interests to declare. MMR is a member of the SAWP and CNSWP (European Medicines Agency) and has no conflicting interests to declare. The views expressed in this article are the personal views of the authors and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of any employing organisations or the regulatory agencies by which the authors are employed or affiliated, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), or one of its committees or working parties. CC has received personal fees, consultancy, lecture fees and/or honoraria from ABBH, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier and Takeda. JYR has received consulting fees or paid advisory boards for IBSA-Genevrier, Mylan, Radius Health, Pierre Fabre, Faes Pharma, Rejuvenate Biomed, Samumed, Teva, Theramex, Pfizer, Mithra Pharmaceuticals, lecture fees when speaking at the invitation of the sponsor for IBSA-Genevrier, Mylan, Cniel, Dairy Research Council (DRC), Nutricia, Danone, Agnovos and grant support from IBSA-Genevrier, Mylan, Cniel, Radius Health, TRB.

: Not applicable.

: This narrative article contains no original data, so issues of ethics, informed consent, and patient confidentiality do not apply.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All authors contributed to the discussion of the subject matter. NF, AL, RR, JYR, and NCH wrote the draft manuscript. All authors reviewed and commented on the manuscript.