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Article History

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 18 July 2025

Declarations

:

: No funding was received for the preparation of this article.

: All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and were in compliance with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards and international/national/institutional guidelines).

: Hance Clarke is funded via a Merit Award from the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the University of Toronto and is president of the Canadian Pain Society and the president of the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids. Miki Peer and Sarah Miles declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article. Mary-Ann Fitzcharles was a Core member of the Health Canada Science Advisory Committee on Health Products Containing Cannabis (SAC-HPCC) 2020–2022, lead on the Canadian Rheumatology Association position statement on cannabis for the rheumatology patient and lead on the Canadian Fibromyalgia Guidelines, and has no other conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All of the listed authors contributed to the literature search and evaluation of current publications and participated in the writing of this article.

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

: Not applicable.