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Article History

Received: 20 January 2025

Accepted: 10 August 2025

First Online: 6 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted without any external funding. The authors did not receive specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors to support this work.

: Dr. Grossberg has served as a consultant for Acadia, Alkahest, Allergan, Avanir, Axovant, Axsome, Biogen, Bioxcel, BMS, Eisai, GE, Genentech, Karuna, Lilly, Lundbeck, Maplight Therapeutics, Novartis, Otsuka, Roche, and Takeda. He has also received research support from BMS, and the NIH. The other authors deny any conflicts of interest.

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Charles Smoller performed the literature review, wrote multiple drafts, created the final works cited, and addressed reviewer concerns in the resubmission. Bret David Silverglate performed preliminary research, drafted the structure, wrote the preliminary draft and helped edit, revise and create the preliminary works cited. Emily Schiller helped perform the preliminary research, drafted the structure, and wrote the draft. Kyla Yamashita helped perform the preliminary research, drafted the structure, and wrote the draft. George Grossberg drafted the structure, assisted with draft editing, and finalized responses to reviewer concerns in the resubmission. All authors have read and approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.