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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Accepted: 4 December 2025

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Yongze Li and Lei Dou are joint corresponding authors. Yongze Li and Lei Dou conceived and designed the study. Zhifeng Wen supervised the study. Wenmei Qiao and Yunfei Feng performed the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. Wenmei Qiao and Yongze Li drafted the manuscript. All authors revised the report and approved the final version before submission. Yongze Li is the guarantor and attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.

: Wenmei Qiao, Yunfei Feng, etc., and Yongze Li declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

: This study did not involve new experiments on humans or animals. All analyses were based on previously published meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

: Not applicable.

: The original studies included in this umbrella review were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed written consent was obtained from participants by the investigators of the respective trials.

: Not applicable.