Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 September 2025

Accepted: 16 January 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Change Date: 16 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original article has been updated to update the affiliation Division of Development of New Drugs for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy

Declarations

:

: Marzia Del Re: writing—review & editing, writing—original draft, formal analysis, data curation, conceptualization. Elvira Inglese: writing—review & editing, writing—original draft, formal analysis, data curation, conceptualization. Emilio Bria: writing—review & editing, writing—original draft, conceptualization. Erik J. Blok: writing—review & editing. Ron H.J. Mathijssen: writing—review & editing, writing—original draft, conceptualization. Giuseppe Curigliano: writing—review & editing, writing—original draft, conceptualization. Romano Danesi: writing—review & editing, writing—original draft, conceptualization.

: Marzia Del Re has received speaker’s bureau/advisor's fees from: Astra Zeneca, Astellas, Bayer, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Roche, Novartis, Lilly, Regeneron, Qiagen, Recordati, Qiagen, Amgen. Emilio Bria has received grants or contracts from Astra-Zeneca, Roche and honoraria for lectures from Merck-Sharp & Dome, Astra-Zeneca, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Takeda and Roche; he has been member of Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board of Merck-Sharp & Dome, Pfizer, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astra-Zeneca, Roche, Amgen and Celltrion. Ron H.J. Mathijssen reports relationships with Bayer AG and Novartis Pharma AG that include funding grants (all paid to the institute) and speaking and lecture fees. He reports a relationship with Servier that includes advisory board membership and funding grants, and he reports a relationship with NaDeNo Nanoscience that includes advisory board membership. He also reports funding grants from Astellas Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cristal Therapeutics, Deuter Oncology, Nordic Pharma, PamGene BV, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi (all paid to the institute). Giuseppe Curigliano has received research grants from Merck; has received honoraria from Ellipses Pharma; has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca; has a leadership role for the ESMO, the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists and ESMO Open; is a speakers’ bureau member for Roche/Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, Foundation Medicine, Samsung, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, Menarini, Gilead Sciences, AstraZeneca and Exact Sciences; and has held consulting or advisory roles for Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Novartis, Lilly, Foundation Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Seagen, Guardant Health, Veracyte, Celcuity, Menarini, Merck, Exact Sciences, Blueprint Medicines and Gilead Sciences. Romano Danesi has received speaker’s bureau/advisor's fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Eisai, EUSA Pharma, Genzyme, Gilead Sciences, Incyte, Ipsen, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi. All the competing interests are outside the present work. Elvira Inglese and Erik J. Blok declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: Not applicable