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Article History

Received: 18 September 2025

Accepted: 22 March 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at and declare: funding from the Nanjing Municipal Health Commission’s key development project in medicine; no support from any organization for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous 3 years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article and its additional information files.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: QG and YC contributed equally to this work. HZ and DC conceived the study and secured funding. QG, YC, PD, and DC designed the search strategy. QG, YC, PD, and DC performed literature searches and screened articles for inclusion. QG, YC, and PD extracted data, conducted analyses, and assessed the quality of eligible studies. QG and YC performed meta-analyses under the supervision of JH and DC. QG and YC drafted the study protocol and manuscript. JH, HZ, and DC contributed to manuscript development through critical review and editing. DC is the guarantor of the study. The corresponding author attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and confirms no omissions of eligible contributors.