Leiter, Simon https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5852-6824
Mahlknecht, Philipp https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-0516
Poewe, Werner https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-0971
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck
Article History
Received: 15 January 2026
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
:
: SL is supported by a grant from the MJFF grant ID MJFF- 009277, outside the submitted work. PM has no conflicts of interest regarding the submitted work. WP has received lecture fees and honoraria for consultancy in relation to clinical drug development programs from AbbVie, AC Immune, Alterity, BIAL, Boehringer, Britannia, Lilly, Eisai, Lundbeck, Roche, Takeda, Britannia, Eisai, Roche, Stada, and Zambon; grant support from The Michael J. Fox Foundation and the EU FP7 & Horizon 2020 programs; and safety monitoring board membership for UCB. He has leadership roles in the Movement Disorder Society, Austrian Society of Neurology, and Austrian PD Society.
: Not applicable for this review manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: SL, PM, and WP jointly wrote the first draft of the manuscript, SL created the illustrations. All authors contributed to revising the manuscript. All authors have read and approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.
: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current review.
: Not applicable.