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Authors
Amin, Moein
Palmer, Kaitlyn N.
Samara, Amjad
Cohen, Jeffrey A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-9772
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2026
Accepted: 10 September 2026
First Online: 30 September 2026
Declarations
Conflicts of interest: Moein Amin reports research support from Novartis and Biogen. Kaitlyn N. Palmer reports receiving consulting fees from Genentech and fellowship support from EMD Serono Neuroimmunology Fellowship 2024-RMS-FEL -108454. Amjad Samara reports support by National MS Society Sylvia Lawry Physician Fellowship FP-2406-43370. Jeffrey A Cohen reports personal compensation for consulting for Astoria, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Convelo, Kite Pharma, Legend Biotech, Novartis, polTreg, PSI, and Shionogi, and Chairing a DSMB for Celltrion.
Availability of data and material: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Ethics approval: Not applicable.
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Code availability: Not applicable.
Author contributions: MA, KNP, AS, and JAC contributed to the concept, design, drafting, and revision of the manuscript. MA performed the search strategy and contributed to acquisition of resources. All authors participated in reviewing and approving the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.
