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Article History

Accepted: 11 November 2021

First Online: 6 December 2021

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant numbers 2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504), the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong, and the Wellcome Trust in the UK (Grant numbers 202922/Z/16/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z).

: Xiaojia Sun, Ruihong Sun, and Liming Zhang have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

: Not applicable.

: Xiaojia Sun and Ruihong Sun contributed to the conception. Liming Zhang contributed to the design of the work. Xiaojia Sun contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work. Ruihong Sun contributed to interpretation. Liming Zhang contributed to the acquisition. Xiaojia Sun drafted the manuscript. Ruihong Sun and Liming Zhang critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors gave final approval and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring integrity and accuracy.

: This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. It was approved by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ethical Review Committee (No. 005/2004). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants from CKB.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients to publish this paper.

: Not applicable.