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Article History

Accepted: 9 May 2023

First Online: 13 June 2023

Declarations

:

: Christine A.F. von Arnim received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory boards of Biogen, Roche, Novo Nordisk, and Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH &Co. KG; funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Biogen, Roche Diagnostics AG, Novartis, Medical Tribune Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, Landesvereinigung für Gesundheit und Akademie für Sozialmedizin Niedersachsen e. V. and Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH &Co. KG; and has received research support from Roche Diagnostics AG. Funding was received from Innovationsfond (Fund of the Federal Joint Committee, Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G-BA Grants No. VF1_2016-201; 01NVF21010; 01VSF21019). Carlo Custodero, Nicola Veronese, Eva Topinkova, Helena Michalkova, Maria Cristina Polidori, Alberto Cella, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Margherita Azzini, Heidi Gruner, Alberto Castagna, Giovanni Cenderello, Romina Custureri, Tania Zieschang, Alessandro Padovani, Elisabet Sanchez-Garcia, and Alberto Pilotto declare they have no conflicts of interest.

: None.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study or from their legal guardians.

: All the listed authors have read and approved the final manuscript and have agreed to publication.

: The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: The Ethical Committees of each of the centers formally approved the study.

: AP and NV conceived and designed the study. CC and NV wrote the original draft. NV performed the statistical analysis and takes responsibility for the accuracy of the data analysis. ET, HM, MCP, AC, ACJ, CAFvA, MA, HG, AC, GC, RC, TZ, AP, ESG contributed to data collection, assisted in data interpretation, and wrote the manuscript. AP critically revised the final manuscript.