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Article History

Accepted: 16 October 2024

First Online: 25 November 2024

Declarations

:

: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award nos. R01AG071809, R01AG062713, and K24AG073527. Ms. Zhong was supported by the Medical Student Training in Aging Research (MSTAR) program, sponsored by the National Institute on Aging through National Institutes of Health (5T35AG038027-12). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

: Dr. Kim reported grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Alosa Health and VillageMD outside the submitted work. Dr. Ko reports an investigator-initiated research grant from Boston Scientific Corporation to her institution and a consulting fee from Eagle Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Ms. Zhong and Dr. Thanapluetiwong declare no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to this work.

: Lily Zhong: acquisition and interpretation of data, drafting, revising, and final approval of the work. Saran Thanapluetiwong: acquisition and interpretation of data, revising, and final approval of the work. Kailin Xu: acquisition and interpretation of data, revising, and final approval of the work. Darae Ko: interpretation of data, revising, and final approval of the work. Dae Hyun Kim: conceptualization and design of the work, acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as revising and final approval of the work.

: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.