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Article History

Accepted: 9 December 2024

First Online: 2 January 2025

Declarations

:

: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not for profit.

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

: Ethics approval was granted for this retrospective study by the institutional review boards (IRBs) of Kaiser Permanente (KP) Northern California (NC) (IRB no. 1961885) and Kaiser Permanente (KP) Southern California (SC) (IRB no. 13347).

: The plans for data protection, confidentiality, and privacy were reviewed and approved by the IRBs of KP NC and KP SC.

: This study has been approved by the IRBs of KP NC and KP SC with a waiver of informed patient consent in view of the retrospective nature of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not authorized to be publicly available under the current ethics approval. However, any queries regarding the datasets generated and analyzed for this project may be directed to the corresponding author.

: Authors R.L.H., A.L.L., E.A.L., R.L., and F.N. contributed to the study concept and design. R.L.H. and F.N. were responsible for data collection and analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by R.L.H. and A.L.L., with major edits made by F.N. and R.L.H. All authors reviewed and commented on previous versions of the manuscript and approved the final version. All authors have reviewed and approved the final submitted manuscript and agree to be accountable for its content.