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Article History

Accepted: 15 December 2024

First Online: 13 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Dr. Sparks is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR080659, R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (grant number R01 HL155522), the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund, and the Llura Gund Award funded by the Gordon and Llura Gund Foundation.

: J.A.S. has received research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, and Sonoma Biotherapeutics unrelated to this work. He has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, MustangBio, Optum, Pfizer, ReCor, Sana, Sobi, and UCB unrelated to this work. The funders had no role in the decision to publish or preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic health care centers, or the National Institutes of Health. All other authors report no conflicts of interest.

: Not applicable; we did not prospectively enroll participants for this narrative review.

: Not applicable; no patient data were obtained for this narrative review.

: Not applicable; no statistical analyses were performed for this narrative review.

: Not applicable; no data or material were collected for this narrative review.

: Not applicable; no ethics approval was required for this narrative review.