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Article History

Accepted: 2 March 2025

First Online: 20 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was funded by the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) (G023620N). The funder had no role in the design, methods, subject recruitment, data collection, analysis, or preparation of the paper.

: All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: The individual-level data are not available. Access to the data requires approval from the Belgian Privacy Commission (IVC) and the ethical committee. Therefore, the corresponding author can provide information on the procedure for accessing the data, but the data will not be shared directly.

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) on 21 December 2020 (reference no. 20/50/691). In addition, in accordance with Belgian regulations, the Informatieveiligheidscomité (Information Security Committee) granted permission to access the data on 4 May 2021 (reference no. IVC/KSZG/21/138).

: Not applicable; the data were accessed through a responsible third party with permissions from the Privacy Commissions of Belgium.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable

: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. J.C. and T.D. acquired the data and funding. D.Z.A. and K.P. accessed and verified the data. D.Z.A is the guarantor, conducted the formal analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript with significant contributions and supervision from K.P., T.D., B.V., and J.C. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the data, as well as the preparation and revision of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.